VOCATIONAL EDUCATION

VOCATIONAL EDUCATION

Vocational Education is an instruction in skills necessary for persons who are preparing to enter the labor force or who need training or retraining in the technology of their occupation.

The impact of technology on occupations, the tendency of employers to set higher educational requirements, and the need for employees with specialized training have made vocational preparation imperative. Part-time programs are essential in order to provide occupational mobility among workers and to overcome the effects of job obsolescence.

In the U.S., vocational education programs are conducted in public secondary schools and community colleges and are financed in part by federal funds. Other programs are conducted by business and industry, labor organizations, the armed forces, and private vocational-technical schools. Programs in both public and private institutions are general in scope, providing training for several jobs in an occupational cluster; programs conducted by business, industry, and the armed forces usually focus on particular interests. Under the Vocational Education Amendments (1968), vocational programs are administered by the U.S. Department of Education.

TEACHER EDUCATION

TEACHER EDUCATION

Teacher education refers to the policies and procedures designed to equip prospective teachers with the knowledge, attitudes, behaviours and skills they require to perform their tasks effectively in the classroom, school and wider community.

Teacher education is often divided into:

• initial teacher training / education (a pre-service course before entering the classroom as a fully responsible teacher);

• induction (the process of providing training and support during the first few years of teaching or the first year in a particular school);

• teacher development or continuing professional development (CPD) (an in-service process for practicing teachers).

The process of mentoring is also relevant.

There is a longstanding and ongoing debate about the most appropriate term to describe these activities. The term 'teacher training' (which may give the impression that the activity involves training staff to undertake relatively routine tasks) seems to be losing ground to 'teacher education' (with its connotation of preparing staff for a professional role as a reflective practitioner.

TECHNICAL EDUCATION

TECHNICAL EDUCATION
Technical Education is an instruction in a skill or procedure, usually of a mechanical type, and at a level between that of the professional scientist or engineer and that of a skilled craftsperson. Technicians support scientists and engineers by designing, developing, producing, and maintaining machines and materials. The work of a technician is more limited in scope than that of a scientist or engineer and is commonly considered practical rather than theoretical in its orientation.

In industry, jobs for technicians range from those that are narrow in scope and require relatively limited technical understanding, such as the routine inspection of parts, to those that require a considerable level of mathematical, scientific, and applied technological ability, such as engineering aide, instrumentation technician, draftsperson and tool designer. The growing field of computer technology is providing many new employment opportunities for technicians.

ONLINE EDUCATION

Online Education

E-learning (or sometimes electronic learning or e Learning) is a term which is commonly used, but does not have a common definition^.Most frequently it seems to be used for web-based distance education, with no face-to-face interaction. However, also much broader definitions are common. For example, it may include all types of technology enhanced learning (TEL), where technology is used to support the learning process. Although pedagogy is usually not part of the definition, some authors do include it. For example in this definition, where e-learning is said to be: "pedagogy empowered by digital technology". It is important to realize that the term e-learning is ambiguous. It is nearly impossible to define what it is, as it has different meanings to different people . Furthermore, it is often used interchangeably with various other related terms, such as distance learning, distributed learning, and electronic learning. The meaning of the term also seems to be dependent on the context in which it is used. In companies, it often refers to the strategies that use the company network to deliver training courses to employees. Lately in most Universities, e-learning is used to define a specific mode to attend a course or programmes of study where the students rarely or never meet face-to-face, nor access on-campus educational facilities, because they study online.

SCHOOL EDUCATION :THE FARCE

SCHOOL EDUCATION

Education is described as the training and instructions given to humans. It also gives a person the ability to develop character and mental power. Education is one of the things that make a human being different from animals.It is compared to a light that lighta up the darkness.In other words it mean that people become more aware of things in life and they see things from a different perspective.It also leads a person from mental bankruptcy to enlightenment.

Education can be obtained formally and informally. The education we get at schools and colleges is termed formal education and the education we gety at home regarding family values and social relationship is called informal education.

A Cinese proverbs says,"If you are planning for a year, sow rice, if you are planning for ten years plant trees but if you are planning fof hundred years, educate people."Education is the backbone of a society.It holds the foundations of civilizations and development. If the system of educating people is good in a country, the country makes rapid progress. This is reason why millions of dollars are earmarked for education in the developed countries.

Today, in the contest of Nepal, the problems faced by students are numerous. The poorer people do not have acess to good quality education. The Goverment schools do not provide the quality that is needed to compete in today's world. The officials and thieves who pose as educationist pocket most of the funds. The students, who are supposed to be given free books, are not given the books. The case scenario is worse as one goes further towards the villages.The students have to study in classrooms that have no benches, that leak and sometimes they have no roof. The teachers are under-qualified and most of them have got the job because of their affiliation to politicians and political parties. They are not competent enough to teach.

The situation is slightely different in private schools. Though the standard is better than the government schools the motive of running a private school is solely profit. In a country where most of the people have to think twice before buying meat for dinner, they simply cannot affort the exorbitant fees of the private schools. A chlid, who may have beeen studying in the same school for years, has to be readmitted every year after an exorbitant fee. They are charged for rediculous things like electricity, bedding care, horse riding, building maintenence and a host of another things that these business people can think of . Money is collected on every other occations, making some excuse or the other some of the facilities, that the school may boast of are never provided to the students. So the parents are regurarly looted in the name of education. Another problem with the private school is that there are too many schools with too little qualities. Education is a business, not an academec excercise any more. Educating a child in a private school has become a luxery rather a need. Although the principals say different and provide an excuse of everything. The hole they bore in the pockets of parents are huge.

To better the standard of education, the government needs to look seriously into the matter. If things are not changed now, and the business setup dismanted the whole system will collapse like a house of cards that it is.

SEX EDUCATION

Sex Education

Sex Education, broadly defined, any instruction in the processes and consequences of sexual activity, ordinarily given to children and adolescents. Today the term usually refers to classroom lessons about sex taught in primary and secondary schools.
Historically, the task of instructing adolescents about sex has been seen as the responsibility of the parents. But parent-child communication in sexual matters may be hindered by parental inhibitions or by various intergenerational tensions, and studies have shown that children rarely receive their first information on sexual matters from their parents.
In the late 19th century, attempts by educators and social workers to supplement parental sex instruction concentrated on what was then known as "social hygiene"—basically, biological and medical information about human reproduction and venereal disease. In the post-World War II era, however, the relaxation of traditional social norms governing sexual activity, as well as the torrent of sex-related information available to children via the mass media, made a more sophisticated and comprehensive program of sex education seem desirable to many. The obvious forum for such an effort was the public school.

In the mid-20th century, many U.S. school districts established sex-education programs that ranged from a few lectures given to secondary school students to integrated and comprehensive lessons beginning in kindergarten and extending through 12th grade or junior college. The variety of subjects covered include the physical processes of human reproduction; the workings of male and female sex organs; the origin, dissemination, and effects of venereal disease; family roles and structures; and the emotional and psychological causes and consequences of sex, marriage, and parenting. Frequently, however, the larger societal and ethical questions stemming from sexual behavior, being highly subjective in nature, are not regarded as appropriate to a strictly factual approach. At all levels of instruction, teaching methods may include visual aids, lectures, and moderated discussions.

Surveys have shown that in the U.S. many parents approve of some type of public school sex education, but in practice there has always been opposition to such programs. Questions about the state's usurpation of parental rights and responsibilities, the adequacy of ethical instruction, and the wisdom of imparting sexual information to immature minds have been raised by concerned opp